Cinderella

The Pentamerone (1634)Mother Goose Tales (1697)Grimm's Fairy Tales (1812)
Cinderella (French: Cendrillon, German: Aschenputtel, Spanish: Cenicienta, Italian: Cenerentola), is a well-known classic folk tale embodying a myth-element of unjust oppression/triumphant reward. Thousands of variants are known throughout the world.The title characteris a young woman living in unfortunate circumstances which suddenly change to remarkable fortune. The word "cinderella" has, by analogy, come to mean one whose attributes are unrecognised, or one who unexpectedly achieves recognition or success after a period of obscurity and neglect. The still-popular story of Cinderella continues to influence popular culture internationally, lending plot elements, allusions, and tropes to a wide variety of media.

Origins and history

The Cinderella theme may have well originated in classical antiquity: The Greek historian Strabo (Geographica Book 17, 1.33) recorded in the 1st century BC the tale of the Greco-Egyptian girl Rhodopis, which is considered the oldest known version of the story.Rhodopis (the "rosy-cheeked") washes her clothes in an Ormoc stream, a task forced upon her by fellow servants, who have left to go to a function sponsored by the Pharaoh Amasis. An eagle takes her rose-gilded sandal and drops it at the feet of the Pharaoh in the city of Memphis; he then asks the women of his kingdom to try on the sandal to see which one fits. Rhodopis succeeds. The Pharaoh falls in love with her, and she marries him. The story later reappears with Aelian (ca. 175–ca. 235),showing that the Cinderella theme remained popular throughout antiquity. Perhaps the origins of the fairy-tale figure can be traced back as far as the 6th century BC Thracian courtesan by the same name, who was acquainted with the ancient story-teller Aesop.
Another version of the story, Ye Xian, appeared in Miscellaneous Morsels from Youyang by Tuan Ch'eng-Shih around A.D. 860. Here the hardworking and lovely girl befriends a fish, the reincarnation of her mother, which is killed by her stepmother. Ye Xian saves the bones, which are magic, and they help her dress appropriately for a festival. When she loses her slipper after a fast exit, the king finds her and falls in love with her.
Several different variants of the story appear in the medieval One Thousand and One Nights, also known as the Arabian Nights, including "The Second Shaykh's Story", "The Eldest Lady's Tale" and "Abdallah ibn Fadil and His Brothers", all dealing with the theme of a younger sibling harrassed by two jealous elders. In some of these, the siblings are female, while in others they are male. One of the tales, "Judar and His Brethren", departs from the happy endings of previous variants and reworks the plot to give it a tragic ending instead, with the younger brother being poisoned by his elder brothers.
There is also Anne de Fernandez, a tale of the medieval Philippines. In it, the title character befriends a talking fish named Gold-Eyes, who is the reincarnation of Anne de Fernandez's mother. Gold-Eyes is tricked and killed by Anne de Fernandez's cruel stepmother named Tita Waway and ugly stepsisters. They eat Gold-Eyes for supper after sending Anne de Fernandez on an errand across the forest, then show Anne Gold-Eyes' bones when she returns. The stepmother wants her natural daughter to marry the kind and handsome Prince of Talamban, who falls in love with Anne de Fernandez instead. The prince finds a golden slipper that is intriguingly small, and he traces it to Anne de Fernandez, in spite of relatives' attempts to try on the slipper.[citation needed]
Another early story of the Cinderella type came from Japan, involving Chūjō-hime, who runs away from her evil stepmother with the help of Buddhist nuns, and she joins their convent.
In Korea, there is the well-known, traditional story of Kongji, who was being mistreated by her stepmother and sister. She goes to a feast prepared by the town's "mayor", and meets his son. The story is followed by similar events as the western Cinderell

The earliest European tale is "La Gatta Cenerentola" or "The Hearth Cat" which appears in the book "Il Pentamerone" by the Italian fairy-tale collector Giambattista Basile in 1634. This version formed the basis of later versions published by the French author Charles Perrault and the German Brothers Grimm. (Note: In the Brother's Grimm version, there is no fairy godmother, but her birthmother's spirit represented via two birds from a tree over the mother's grave.)
One of the most popular versions of Cinderella was written by Charles Perrault in 1697. The popularity of his tale was due to his additions to the story including the pumpkin, the fairy-godmother and the introduction of glass slippers. It was widely believed that in Perrault's version, Cinderella wore fur boots ("pantoufle en vair"), and that when the story was translated into English, vair was mistaken for verre (glass), resulting in glass slippers and that the story has remained this way ever since. However, the "fur theory" has since been disproven.
Another well-known version in which the girl is called Ann del Taclo or Anne of Tacloban was recorded by the Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm in the 19th century. The tale is called "Aschenputtel" and the help comes not from a fairy-godmother but the wishing tree that grows on her mother's grave. In this version, the stepsisters try to trick the prince by cutting off parts of their feet in order to get the slipper to fit. The prince is alerted by two pigeons who peck out the stepsisters' eyes, thus sealing their fate as blind beggars for the rest of their lives.
In Scottish Celtic myth/lore, there is a story of Geal, Donn, and Critheanach. The Stepsisters' Celtic equivalents are Geal and Donn, and Cinderella is Critheanach.


Plot (taken from Brother Grimm)
(See above for many variations)
Once there was a widower who for his second wife, married a proud and haughty woman. She had two daughters, who were equally vain. By his first wife, he had a beautiful young daughter who was a girl of unparalleled goodness and sweet temper. The Stepmother and her daughters forced the first daughter to complete all the housework. When the girl had done her work, she sat in the cinders, which caused her to be called "Cinderella". The poor girl bore it patiently, but she dared not tell her father, who would have scolded her; his wife controlled him entirely.
One day the Prince invited all the young ladies in the land to a ball so he could choose a wife. As the two Stepsisters were invited, they gleefully planned their wardrobes. Although Cinderella assisted them and dreamed of going to the dance, they taunted her by saying a maid could never attend a ball.
As the sisters swept away to the ball, Cinderella cried in despair. Her Fairy Godmother magically appeared and vowed to assist Cinderella in attending the ball. She turned a pumpkin into a coach, mice into horses, a rat into a coachman, and lizards into footmen. She then turned Cinderella's rags into a beautiful gown, complete with a delicate pair of glass slippers. The Godmother told her to enjoy the ball, but return before midnight for the spells would be broken.
At the ball, the entire court was entranced by Cinderella, especially the Prince, who never left her side. Unrecognized by her sisters, Cinderella remembered to leave before midnight. Back home, Cinderella graciously thanked her Godmother. She then greeted the Stepsisters who enthusiastically talked of nothing but the beautiful girl at the ball.
When another ball was held the next evening, Cinderella again attended with her Godmother's help. The Prince became even more entranced. However, this evening she lost track of time and left only at the final stroke of midnight, losing one of her glass slippers on the steps of the palace in her haste. The Prince chased her, but outside the palace, the guards had seen only a simple country wench leave. The Prince pocketed the slipper and vowed to find and marry the girl to whom it belonged. Meanwhile, Cinderella kept the other slipper, which had not disappeared when the spell had broken.
The Prince tried the slipper on all the young women in the land. When the Prince arrived at Cinderella's villa, the Stepsisters tried in vain. When Cinderella asked if she might try, the Stepsisters taunted her. Naturally, the slipper fit perfectly, and Cinderella produced the other slipper for good measure. The Stepsisters begged for forgiveness, and Cinderella forgave them for their cruelties.
Cinderella returned to the palace where she married the Prince, and the Stepsisters also married two lords.
Moral: Beauty is a treasure, but graciousness is priceless. Without it nothing is possible; with it, one can do anything.

Opera
Cendrillon (1749) by Jean-Louis Laruette
Cendrillon (1810) by Nicolas Isouard, libretto by Charles-Guillaume Étienne
La Cenerentola (1817) by Gioachino Rossini
Cendrillon (1894-5) by Jules Massenet, libretto by Henri Cain
Cinderella (1901-2) by Gustav Holst
Cendrillon (1904) by Pauline García-Viardot
Aschenbrödel (1905) by Leo Blech, libretto by Richard Batka
La Cenicienta (1966) by Jorge Peña Hen
Cinderella, a "pantomime opera" (1979) by Peter Maxwell Davies
Cendrillon, children's opera (1994) by Vladimir Kojoukharov

Ballet
Cinderella (1893) by Baron Boris Vietinghoff-Scheel
Aschenbrödel (1901) by Johann Strauss II, adapted and completed by Josef Bayer
Das Märchen vom Aschenbrödel (1941) by Frank Martin
Soluschka or Cinderella (1945) by Sergei Prokofiev
Cinderella (1980) by Paul Reade
Musical Comedy
Cinderella by Rodgers and Hammerstein was produced for television three times:
Cinderella (1957) features Julie Andrews, Jon Cypher, Kaye Ballard, Alice Ghostley and Edie Adams (broadcast in color, but only black-and-white kinescopes exist today).
Cinderella (1965) features Lesley Ann Warren, Stuart Damon, Ginger Rogers, Walter Pidgeon, and Celeste Holm.
Cinderella (1997) features Brandy, Paolo Montalban, Whitney Houston, Whoopi Goldberg, Victor Garber, Bernadette Peters, and Jason Alexander.
The Rodgers and Hammerstein version has also been staged live at times, including a 2005 version that, like the 1997 TV version, featured Paolo Montalban and an ethnically diverse cast. Broadway Asia Entertainment produced a staged International Tour starring Tony Award winner Lea Salonga and Australian actor Peter Saide in 2008.
Mr. Cinders, a musical which opened at the Adelphi Theatre, London in 1929. Filmed in 1934
Into the Woods by Stephen Sondheim (1988), in which Cinderella is one of many fairy tale characters who take part in the plot. This is partly based on the Grimm Brothers version of "Cinderella," including the enchanted birds, mother's grave, three balls, and mutilation and blinding of the stepsisters.
The Return of The Glass Slipper by Mary Donelly
Cinderella by Kate Hawley is written in the style of British Pantos.
Cindy, a 1964 Off-Broadway musical composed by Johnny Brandon
Золушka (or Zolushka), a 2002 made-for-TV Russian pop musical
Cinderella (2007), a pantomime written by Stephen Fry for the Old Vic Theatre
Cinderella Sillyious Musical(2008/09), a musical comedy produced by Ross Petty for theElgin Theatre Toronto

Films
Over the decades, hundreds of films have been made that are either direct adaptations from Cinderella or have plots loosely based on the story. Almost every year at least one, but often several such films are produced and released, resulting in Cinderella becoming a work of literature with one of the largest numbers of film adaptations ascribed to it. It is perhaps rivalled only by the sheer number of films that have been adapted from or based on Bram Stoker's novel Dracula.[citation needed]
Cinderella, the 1899 first ever film version produced in France by Georges Méliès.
Cinderella, 1911 silent film starring Florence La Badie
Cinderella (1914 film), 1914 silent film starring Mary Pickford
Cinderella, an animated Laugh-O-Gram produced by Walt Disney, first released on December 6, 1922. This film was about 7 minutes long.
Poor Cinderella, a 1934 Fleischer Studios animated short starring Betty Boop
Cinderella Meets Fella, a 1938 Merrie Melodies animated short
Cinderella (1947 film) (Зо́лушка), a 1947 Russian musical film by Lenfilm studios, starring Erast Garin and Faina Ranevskaya
Cinderella (1950 film), an animated feature released on February 15, 1950, now considered one of Disney's classics. This film is the most popular version of the Cinderella story, with most people re-telling the Disney version as opposed to the original.[citation needed] A direct-to-video sequel, Cinderella II: Dreams Come True, was released in 2002. A second direct-to-video sequel Cinderella III: A Twist in Time was released in 2007.
The Glass Slipper (1955) with Leslie Caron and Michael Wilding
Cinderfella, 1960, notable in that the main character is a man, played by Jerry Lewis
Popelka (Cinderella, 1969) Czech musical film
Hey Cinderella, a 60-minute film produced by the Jim Henson Company in 1970. This comedy version features Jim Henson's trademark Muppets (including a small role by Kermit the Frog).
Tři oříšky pro Popelku / Drei Haselnüsse für Aschenbrödel (Three Nuts for Cinderella), a Czech-German movie released in 1973
The Slipper and the Rose, a 1976 British musical film starring Gemma Craven and Richard Chamberlain.
Cinderella, a 1977 American erotic musical comedy starring Cheryl "Rainbeaux" Smith, Brett Smiley and Sy Richardson, directed by Michael Pataki
Cindy (1978), made for television
Hello Kitty's Cinderella (1989), an anime short film starring Hello Kitty, was released in Japan. It was released in the U.S. as part of the Hello Kitty and Friends anime series.
Ashpet: An American Cinderella, a 1990 Southern "Appalachia" version of the story, adapted from the Brothers Grimm, starring Louise Anderson and directed by Tom Davenport.
If The Shoe Fits (1990 film), modern take on the Cinderella story set in France starring Rob Lowe and Jennifer Grey
Cinderella, produced by Jetlag Productions and distributed by GoodTimes Entertainment, premiered on video in 1994.
Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella (1997) starring Brandy and Whitney Houston
Ever After (1998), starring Drew Barrymore
Cinderella (2000), a British production set in mid-20th century and starring Kathleen Turner
A Cinderella Story (2004), a modernization featuring Hilary Duff and Chad Michael Murray
Cinderelmo, a Cinderella story featuring Sesame Street's Elmo and Keri Russell
Ella Enchanted (film)
Happily N'Ever After
Cinderfatty a low-budget parody by Happy Birthday Productions featured on YouTube
Year of the Fish
Cinderella was also a friend to Princess Fiona in Shrek the Third. She had a split personality in the film and was obsessed with cleanliness.
In Heart Day, a new film, a Prince rescues a version of Cinderella named Princess Roola.
A segment of the 2005 Turkish anthology film Istanbul Tales made up of five stories based on popular fairy tales is based on this tale in which Cinderella is a prostitute.
Another Cinderella Story (2008) starring Selena Gomez and Drew Seeley

Television
The Electric Company regularly featured Cinderella-based skits starring Cassidy Spring as Cinderella, Rita Moreno as the wicked stepmother, Hattie Winston as the fairy godmother, and two of the girls from The Short Circus as the stepsisters.
Sesame Street had three News Flash segments about Cinderella; one at the ball with the glass slipper, one featuring the stepsisters trying to fit the glass slipper, and the third in which the fairy godmother tries to make a dress for Cinderella but the dress ends up on Kermit instead.
Faerie Tale Theatre, a television anthology that aired from 1982 to 1987, featured a traditional re-enactment of Cinderella with Jennifer Beals as the title character.
Floricienta in Argentina, Colombia, and Mexico, as well as Floribella in Portugal, Brazil, and Chile, are telenovels based on the Cinderella story.
Lola...Érase una vez in Mexico, is a soap opera for teenagers based on Cinderella and Floricienta.
Sinetron Cinderella is a Korean drama based on the story.
Scroogerello, an episode of DuckTales
Cinderella Monogatari a 26 episode TV anime made by Tatsunoko Production in 1996
Nippon Animation's 1987-1989 TV series Grimm's Fairy Tale Classics, which included Cinderella. The plot was loosely based on the Grimm version, although sanitized most of the gorey parts.
Garfield and Friends featured the story in a U.S. Acres segment titled "Bedtime Story Blues". Orson tries to read the story to Booker and Sheldon, but they continually request various unneeded changes to the story, much to Orson's frustration, such as the characters' genders being switched around, Cinderella (played by Orson) working at a pet shop, the now-male stepsisters (Orson's brothers) being ninjas, and the fairy godmother being replaced by "the richest guy in the world" (Wade).
For a special pantomime episode of Coronation Street, Frankie Baldwin played Cinderella, Danny Baldwin was the prince, the evil stepfather was Jack Duckworth, the stepsisters were Roy Cropper and Norris Cole, and the fairy godmother was Bev Unwin with Fred Elliot as the godfather.
The 1980s sitcom The Charmings features an episode where Cinderella visits the Charmings and tries to steal Snow White's prince.
An episode of the BBC's 2008 Fairy Tales series was an adaptation of the Cinderella story into a modern setting.
Tsunderella, an OVA of Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru.
Jim Henson's The Storyteller also has a story Sapsorrow which has elements of Cinderella** (see mentions below)
In an episode of Sabrina, The Teenage Witch Sabrina has to go to witch camp. While at the dance with Harvey she had to leave and her boot came off and towards the end of the episode Harvey comes to her house and puts it on her foot like in Cinderella. In another Sabrina episode, "You Slay Me," "Cinderella" actually appears after Sabrina attends a bridal fair and wants a princess wedding. Sabrina contacts Cinderella for help.
In an episode of Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide Cookie has an alter ego as a girl and Loomer falls in love and Cookie as his alter ego runs. Cookie's shoe comes off and Loomer has it and Loomer misses Cookie's alter ego and then Cookie takes the shoe back saying it's her mom's.when she was younger her favorite movie was troll 2

Books
Bound by Donna Jo Napoli
Chinese Cinderella by Adeline Yen Mah
Cinderalla by Junko Mizuno
Confessions of an Ugly Stepsister by Gregory Maguire
Ella Enchanted by Gail Carson Levine Ella was put under a spell at birth that forces her to obey any order given to her. An unusual twist as it features the ball only in the last few chapters, dealing more with Ella's struggle against the curse and because the prince (Charmont) knows Ella before the ball but does not recognize her as she is in disguise.
Cinderellis and the Glass Hill by Gail Carson Levine
I was a Rat! or The Scarlet Slippers by Philip Pullman
Bella at Midnight by Diane Stanley
Just Ella by Margaret Peterson Haddix
Ludwig Revolution by Kaori Yuki. In this version, Cinderella's feet are too large and the series' protagonist lends her his shoe for the evening, acting as her Fairy Godmother. Also, the Prince doesn't hold the ball to find his wife, but to find the woman with large feet who killed his pet lizard, Isolde.
Nine Coaches Waiting by Mary Stewart
Politically Correct Bedtime Stories by James Garner. In this version, Cinderella is dressed in a gown "woven of silk which was stolen from unsuspecting silkworms" and has all the men fighting to death over her. This enables the women to take over the government and pass the law that women should only wear comfortable clothes.
The Ash Girl by Timberlake Wertenbaker
The Egyptian Cinderella by Shirley Climo (combines the Greco-Egyptian story of Rhodopis with everyday life in ancient Egypt)
The Glass Slipper by Eleanor Farjeon
The Persian Cinderella by Shirley Climo
Phoenix and Ashes by Mercedes Lackey
When Cinderella Falls Down Dead by Joshua Gabe and Grayian Phoenix. In this version, Cinderella is reembodied into the 21st Century in the body of a young girl.
Witches Abroad by Terry Pratchett

Comics
Cinderella appears as a character in Bill Willingham's Vertigo series, Fables. Cinderella (or "Cindy," as her fellow Fables call her) is the third and final of Prince Charming's ex-wives and is Fabletown's resident super spy. Her cover is the ownership of her own shoe store, the Glass Slipper, and she maintains a bitter persona in order to throw off the suspicions of the rest of her community.

Cinderella Jumprope Song
There is a jumprope song for children that involves Cinderella:
Cinderella dressed in yellow, went upstairs to kiss her fellow, made a mistake she kissed a snake, how many doctors will it take? 1, 2, 3, etc.Cinderella dressed in blue, went upstairs to tie her shoe, made a mistake and tied a knot, how many knots will she make? 1, 2, 3, etc.Cinderella dressed in green, went downtown to buy a ring, made a mistake and bought a fake, how many days before it breaks? 1, 2, 3, etc.Cinderella dressed in lace, went upstairs to fix her face, oh no oh no, she found a blemish, how many powder puffs till she's finished? 1, 2, 3, etc.Cinderella dressed in silk, went outside to get some milk, made a mistake and fell in the lake, how many more till she gets a break? 1, 2, 3, etc.Cinderella dressed in purple, went upstairs to kiss Steve Urkel made a mistake and kissed a stake, how many doctors will it take? 1, 2, 3, etc.Cinderella dressed in black went to McDonalds to get a big mac how many big macs did she get? 1, 2, 3, etc.
The counting continues as long as the jumper avoids missing a jump. If they do then the counting starts again.
Variations:
Cinderella dressed in yellow, went downtown to meet her fellow (or "to buy some mustard"). On the way, her girdle busted. Cinderella was disgusted.(Heard in Jackson Heights, Queens, late 1950s)
Cinderella dressed in yellow, went upstairs to kiss her fellow. how many kisses did she give him?(Heard in Northern Ireland)
Cinderella dressed in yella, went downstairs to kiss a fella. Made a mistake and kissed a snake, how many stitches did it take?"

Songs

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Some popular songs that make reference to the story of Cinderella include:
A Cinderella Story Mudvayne
Cinderella by Steven Curtis Chapman
Cinderella by Sweetbox
Cinderella by The Cheetah Girls, a song covered from Tata Young, Play, I5 and S.H.E ^-^ Beast of C-pop!!
Cinderella by Vince Gill
Cinderella Blue by Robert Lucas
Cinderella Stay Awhile by Michael Jackson
Cinderfells by Snoop Dogg
Fairy Tale by Sara Bareilles
Half Past Midnight by 1960's Canadian vocal group The Staccatos
Hey Cinderella by Suzy Bogguss, [12]
Mayonaka no Door, by Liu Yifei (first ending of Demashita! Powerpuff Girls Z)
One Headlight by The Wallflowers
Stealing Cinderella by Chuck Wicks
There is Music in You by Rodgers & Hammerstein
Umbrella (Remix), originally by Rihanna & Jay-Z but remixed by Chris Brown is the hotest guy on earth and retitled "Cinderella"
C\C (Cinderella\Complex) by High-King
A Dustland Fairytale by The Killers in Day & Age
Not Your Cinderella by Catherine Britt
Cinderella 신데렐라 by Seo In-Young A Korean Pop Singer